Hartford

The 42nd IEEE International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD 2024)

November 18-20, 2024

Milan, Italy

Hartford

Tentative Program - all times are in Central European Time (CET)

Regular papers [R] have 15 mins (12 mins for presentation+3 mins for Q&A); Short papers [S] have 10 mins (8 mins for presentation+2 mins for Q&A) - All times are in CET

MONDAY
8:00-9:00 Registration and opening
9:00-10:00 Keynote 1: Designing "Artificial Brains" for Next-Generation Autonomous Systems (Luca Benini, ETHZ & Università di Bologna)
10:00-11:05 Session 1A: Logic and Circuit Design Session 1B: In-Memory Systems and Memory Architectures
11:05-11:30 Coffee break
11:30-12:45 Session 2A: Energy Efficient HW Architectures Session 2B: Security
12:45-14:15 Lunch break
14:15-15:45 Session 3A: ML-supported HLS and Design Tutorial 1: Expedited development of novel RISC-V instructions through an emulation-simulation framework
15:45-16:15 Coffee break
16:15-17:30 Session 4A: Computing Systems for Learning, and Learning for Computing Systems Session 4B: Persistent Memories
18:00-19:30 Welcome Reception
MONDAY - SESSIONS DETAILS
LCD1 Session 1A: Logic and Circuit Design
R ChaoSen: Security Enhancement of Image Sensor through in-Sensor Chaotic Computing (Nedasadat Taheri, Sepehr Tabrizchi, Shaahin Angizi and Arman Roohi)
R Memristive Logic-in-Memory Implementation with Area Efficiency and Parallelism (Ikkyum Kim and Heechun Park)
R S3M: Static Semi-Segmented Multipliers for Energy-efficient DNN Inference Accelerators (Mingtao Zhang, Quan Cheng, Hiromitsu Awano, Longyang Lin and Masanori Hashimoto)
S Optimizing Quantum Circuit Synthesis with Dominator Analysis (Giacomo Lancellotti, Giovanni Agosta, Alessandro Barenghi and Gerardo Pelosi)
HW2 Session 1B: In-Memory Systems and Memory Architectures
R MemSort: In-Memory Sorting Architecture (Rui Liu, Xiaoyu Zhang, Xinyu Wang, Feng Min, Zhejian Luo, Xiaoming Chen, Yinhe Han and Minghua Tang)
R MuSA: Multi-Sketch Accelerator with Hybrid Parallelism and Coalesced Memory Organization (Sunan Zou, Bizhao Shi, Ziyun Zhang and Guojie Luo)
R CoPIM: A Collaborative Scheduling Framework for Commodity Processing-in-memory Systems (Shunchen Shi, Xueqi Li, Zhaowu Pan, Peiheng Zhang and Ninghui Sun)
R ChameSC: Virtualizing Superscalar Core of a SIMD Architecture for Vector Memory Acces (Zhongzhu Pu, Guangda Zhang, Tiejian Zhang, Chen Zhang, Youhui Zhang and Xia Zhao)
HW4 Session 2A: Energy Efficient HW Architectures
R Multi: Reduce Energy Overhead of Criticality-aware Dynamic Instruction Scheduling for Energy-efficient Performance (Honglan Zhan, Chenxi Wang, Xin Wang, Chun Yang, Xianhua Liu and Xu Cheng)
R T-BUS: Taming Bipartite Unstructured Sparsity for Energy-Efficient DNN Acceleration (Ning Yang, Fangxin Liu, Zongwu Wang, Zhiyan Song, Tao Yang and Li Jiang)
R PS4: A Low Power SNN Accelerator with Spike Speculative Scheme (Wang Zongwu, Fangxin Liu, Xin Tang and Li Jiang)
R PCCL: Energy-efficient LLM Training with Power-aware Collective Communication (Ziyang Jia, Daniel Wong and Laxmi Bhuyan)
S Ensuring the Accuracy of CNN Accelerators Supplied at Ultra-Low Voltage (Yamilka Toca-Díaz, Ruben Gran Tejero and Alejandro Valero)
TVS1 Session 2B: Security
R A Semi Black-Box Adversarial Bit-Flip Attack with Limited DNN Model Information (Behnam Ghavami, Mohammad Shahidzadeh, Man Sadati, Lesley Shannon and Steve Wilton)
R BlinK: Breaking Parallel Implementation of CRYSTALS-Kyber with Side-Channel Attack (Jian Wang, Weiqiong Cao, Hua Chen and Haoyuan Li)
R Hound: Locating Cryptographic Primitives in Desynchronized Side-Channel Traces Using Deep-Learning (Davide Galli, Giuseppe Chiari and Davide Zoni)
R Interpretable Risk-aware Access Control for Spark: Blocking Attack Purpose Behind Actions (Wenbo Wang, Tao Xue, Shuailou Li, Zhaoyang Wang, Boyang Zhang and Yu Wen)
S TDM: Time and Distance based Metric for Quantifying Information Leakage Vulnerabilities in SoCs (Avinash Ayalasomayajula, Henian Li, Hasan Al-Shaikh, Sujan Kumar Saha and Farimah Farahmandi)
EDA2 Session 3A: ML-supported HLS and Design
R Transformer-Characterized Approach for Chip Floorplanning: Leveraging HyperGCN and DTQN (Wenbo Guan, Xiaoyan Tang, Hongliang Lu, Jingru Tan, Jinlong Wang and Yuming Zhang)
R Elastic EDA: Auto-scaling Cloud Resources for EDA Tasks via Learning-based Approaches (Linyu Zhu, Xingyu Ma, Shaogang Hao, Yushan Pan and Xinfei Guo)
R RNC: Efficient RRAM-aware NAS and Compilation for DNNs on Resource-Constrained Edge Devices (Kam Chi Loong, Shihao Han, Sishuo Liu, Ning Lin and Zhongrui Wang)
R AutoVCoder: A Systematic Framework for Automated Verilog Code Generation using LLMs (Mingzhe Gao, Jieru Zhao, Zhe Lin, Wenchao Ding, Xiaofeng Hou, Yu Feng, Chao Li and Minyi Guo)
R Reinforcement Learning-driven Co-scheduling and Diverse Resource Assignments on NUMA Systems (Urvij Saroliya, Eishi Arima, Dai Liu and Martin Schulz)
S Rethinking High-Level Synthesis Design Space Exploration from a Contrastive Perspective (Huiliang Hong, Chenglong Xiao and Shanshan Wang)
T372 Tutorial 1: Expedited development of novel RISC-V instructions through an emulation-simulation framework
Julian Pavon, Ivan Vargas Valdivieso, Carlos Rojas Morales, Nishil Talati and Adrian Cristal
CS4 Session 4A: Computing Systems for Learning, and Learning for Computing Systems
R ParaCkpt: Heterogeneous Multi-path Checkpointing Mechanism for Training Deep Learning Models (Shucheng Wang, Qiang Cao, Kaiye Zhou, Jun Xu, Zhandong Guo and Jiannan Guo)
R RTDeepEnsemble: Real-time DNN Ensemble Method for Machine Perception Systems (Zitong Bo, Chaoping Guo, Ying Qiao, Chang Leng and Hongan Wang)
R Interference-Aware DNN Serving on Heterogeneous Processors in Edge Systems (Yeonjae Kim, Igjae Kim, Kwanghoon Choi, Jeongseob Ahn, Jongse Park and Jaehyuk Huh)
R HOLES: Boosting Large Language Models Efficiency with Hardware-friendly Lossless Encoding (Fangxin Liu, Ning Yang, Zhiyan Song, Zongwu Wang and Li Jiang)
S OLSATM: Online Learning based State-Aware Task Migration on S-NUCA Many-cores (Yandong He, Guangda Zhang, Yongjun Zhang, Hengzhu Liu and Renzhi Chen)
S Co-Designing a 3D Transformation Accelerator for Versal-Based Image Registration (Paolo Salvatore Galfano, Giuseppe Sorrentino, Eleonora D'Arnese and Davide Conficconi)
CS6 Session 4B: Persistent Memories
R Read-Optimized Persistent Hash Index for Query Acceleration through Fingerprint Filtering and Lock-Free Prefetching (Renzhi Xiao, Dan Feng, Yuchong Hu, Hong Jiang, Lin Wang, Yucheng Zhang, Lanlan Cui, Guanglei Xu and Fang Wang)
R Optimizing Structural Modification Operation for B+Tree on Byte-Addressable Devices (Dingze Hong, Jinlei Hu, Jianxi Chen, Dan Feng and Jian Liu)
R FastMatch: Enhancing Data Pipeline Efficiency for Accelerated Distributed Training (Jianchang Su, Masoud Rahimi Jafari, Yifan Zhang and Wei Zhang)
R Multi-Stage Dynamic Cuckoo Filters (Jun Su, Yinjin Fu and Nong Xiao)
S Persistent Spiral Storage (Wenyu Peng, Tao Xie and Paul Siegel)
TUESDAY
9:00-10:00 Keynote 2: From VLSI through Software: Optimizing the Computing Stack for Generative AI (Brucek Khailany, NVIDIA)
10:00-11:10 Session 5A: RISC-V Advancements Session 5B: SW Architectures for Learning
11:10-11:30 Coffee break
11:30-12:50 Session 6A: SSD Design and Optimization Session 6B: Test and Verification
12:50-14:15 Lunch break
14:15-15:45 Session 7A: Advancements in Hardware Architectures Tutorial 2: Adaptive CNN Execution on Edge FPGAs
15:45-16:15 Coffee break
16:15-17:35 Session 8A: Memory-efficient Design Session 8B: SW Architectures for Optimization
19:30-22:00 Social Dinner
TUESDAY - SESSIONS DETAILS
HW1 Session 5A: RISC-V Advancements
R Advanced Dynamic Scalarisation for RISC-V GPGPUs (Matthew Naylor, Alexandre Joannou, Theo Markettos, Paul Metzger, Simon Moore and Timothy Jones)
R Extending RISC-V for Efficient Overflow Recovery in Mixed-Precision Computations (Luca Bertaccini, Siyuan Shen, Torsten Hoefler and Luca Benini)
S Ventus: A High-performance Open-source GPGPU Based on RISC-V and Its Vector Extension (Jingzhou Li, Kexiang Yang, Chufeng Jin, Xudong Liu, Zexia Yang, Fangfei Yu, Yujie Shi, Mingyuan Ma, Li Kong, Jing Zhou, Hualin Wu and Hu He)
S HeroSDK: Streamlining Heterogeneous RISC-V Accelerated Computing from Embedded to High-Performance Systems (Cyril Koenig, Björn Forsberg and Luca Benini)
S Co-Designing a 3D Transformation Accelerator for Versal-Based Image Registration (Paolo Salvatore Galfano, Giuseppe Sorrentino, Eleonora D'Arnese and Davide Conficconi)
S vCLIC: Towards Fast Interrupt Handling in Virtualized RISC-V Mixed-Criticality Systems (Enrico Zelioli, Alessandro Ottaviano, Robert Balas, Nils Wistoff, Angelo Garofalo and Luca Benini)
SW2 Session 5B: SW Architectures for Learning
R PCC: An End-to-End Compilation Framework for Neural Networks on Photonic-Electronic Accelerators (Bohan Hu, Yinyi Liu, Zhenguo Liu, Wei Zhang and Jiang Xu)
R Tango: Low Latency Multi-DNN Inference on Heterogeneous Edge Platforms (Zain Taufique, Aman Vyas, Antonio Miele, Pasi Liljeberg and Anil Kanduri)
R Private Tensor Freezing for an Efficient Federated Learning with Homomorphic Encryption (Valentino Peluso, Erich Malan, Andrea Calimera and Enrico Macii)
S Pseudo-Sim: An Accurate Analytical Modeling Framework for Systolic Array Architectures (Dan Sturm and Sajjad Moazeni)
S Fine-Grained Shared Cache Interference Analysis using Basic Block's Execution Time (Yixuan Zhu, Wenqi Lou, Yinkang Gao, Binze Jiang, Xiaohang Gong and Xi Li)
CS1 Session 6A: SSD Design and Optimization
R SchInFS: A File System Integrating Functions of the Block IO Scheduler for ZNS SSDs (Jintong Zhang, Haichuan Hu, Jianxi Chen and Yekang Zhan)
R GCC: Optimizing Space Efficiency and Read Latency of SSDs with Workload-Aware Garbage Collection Aided Compression (Linhui Liu, Yunfei Gu, Chenhao Zhu, Chentao Wu, Jie Li and Minyi Guo)
R LBZ: A Lightweight Block Device for Supporting F2FS on ZNS SSD (Yongpeng Yang, Dejun Jiang, Bo Jiang, Hao-Chiang Hsu, Liang Peng and Zifeng Yang)
R RAID45: Hybrid Parity-based RAID for Reducing Parity Write Wear on High-Density SSDs (Jialin Liu, Yujiong Liang, Yunpeng Song and Liang Shi)
S SmartNetSSD: Exploiting Path Resources for Read Performance Improvement in Network-Based SSDs (Jinhua Cui, Feiyu Chen, Lu Li, Shiqiang Nie and Laurence T. Yang)
S SuperMap: High-Performance and Flexible Memory-Mapped IO for Fast Storage Device (Wenqing Jia, Dejun Jiang and Jin Xiong)
TVS2 Session 6B: Test and Verification
23 Safe Speculation for CHERI (Franz A. Fuchs, Jonathan Woodruff, Peter Rugg, Alexandre Joannou, Jessica Clarke, John Baldwin, Brooks Davis, Peter G. Neumann, Robert N. M. Watson and Simon W. Moore)
34 APE-FV: Concolic Testing for RTL Functional Verification Using Adpative Path Exploration (Ziyue Zheng, Xiangchen Meng and Yangdi Lyu)
108 HAp-FT: A Hybrid Approximate Fault Tolerance Framework for DNN Accelerator (Xiaohui Wei, Chenyang Wang, Zeyu Guan, Fengyi Li and Hengshan Yue)
180 LLM-TG: Towards Automated Test Case Generation for Processors Using Large Language Models (Yifei Deng, Ren-Zhi Chen, Xiao Chao, Zhijie Yang, Yuanfeng Luo, Jingyue Zhao, Na Li, Zhong Wan, Yongbao Ai, Huadong Dai and Lei Wang)
315 Rethinking DRAM Failure Prediction In Memory Reliability: An Efficient Deep Image Classification Perspective (Zhishuai Han, Pijia Hao and Mufei Zhang)
HW6 Session 7A: Advancements in Hardware Architectures
R NexusCIM: High-Throughput Multi-CIM Array Architecture with C-Mesh NoC and Hub Cores (Hyunmin Kim and Sungju Ryu)
R Dual-Axis ECC: Vertical and Horizontal Error Correction for Storage and Transfer Errors (Giyong Jung, Hee Ju Na, Sang-Hyo Kim and Jungrae Kim)
R VarVE: Bringing SIMD Performance to Variable-width Values (Chen Zou and Andrew A. Chien)
R Ninja: A Hardware Assisted System for Accelerating Nested Address Translation (Longyu Zhao, Zongwu Wang, Fangxin Liu and Li Jiang)
S HEncode: A Highly Modularized and Efficient FPGA QC-LDPC Encoder Using High Level Synthesis (Jiawei Yang, Shaohua Wang, Xiangrui Yang, Yifan Zhang, Qiang Cao, Jie Yao, Xiaodi Tan and Xiao Lin)
S Efficient Microprocessor Design Space Exploration via Space Partitioning (Zijun Jiang and Yangdi Lyu)
S SATL: A Spatial Architecture Rapid Prototyping Framework for Irregular Applications Acceleration (Francesco Peverelli, Alessandro Verosimile, Davide Conficconi, Andrea Damiani and Marco Santambrogio)
T375 Tutorial 2: Adaptive CNN Execution on Edge FPGAs
Francesco Ratto, Federico Manca and Claudio Rubattu
CS2 Session 8A: Memory-efficient Design
R VDMig: An Adaptive Virtual Disk Migration Scheme For Cloud Block Storage System (Guangjie Xing, Shuheng Gao, Hua Wang, Ke Zhou, Yaodong Han and Mengling Tao)
R Hermes: Memory-Efficient Pipeline Inference for Large Models on Edge Devices (Xueyuan Han, Zinuo Cai, Yichu Zhang, Chongxin Fan, Junhan Liu, Ruhui Ma and Rajkumar Buyya)
R Opportunistic Migration for Hybrid memories while Mitigating Aging Effects (Aswathy N S and Hemangee K. Kapoor)
R HPA: A hybrid data flow for PIM architectures (Yunping Zhao, Sheng Ma, Hengzhu Liu and Yi Dai)
S LCKV: Learner-Cleaner Optimized Adaptive Key-Value Separated LSM-Tree Store (Mingxuan Liu, Jianhua Gu and Tianhai Zhao)
S LVLDPC: Intra-Layer Variation Aware LDPC Coding for 3D TLC NAND Flash Memory (Lanlan Cui, Meng Zhang and Fei Wu)
SW1 Session 8B: SW Architectures for Optimization
R UniCoMo: A Unified Learning-Based Cost Model for Tensorized Program Tuning (Zihan Wang, Lei Gong, Wenqi Lou, Qianyu Cheng, Xianglan Chen, Chao Wang and Xuehai Zhou)
R SHEEO: Continuous Energy Efficiency Optimization in Autonomous Embedded Systems Cycles (Xinkai Wang, Chao Li, Lingyu Sun, Qizheng Lv, Xiaofeng Hou, Jingwen Leng and Minyi Guo)
R AutoSparse: A Source-to-Source Format and Schedule Auto-Tuning Framework for Sparse Tensor Program (Xiangjun Qu, Lei Gong, Wenqi Lou, Qianyu Cheng, Xianglan Chen, Chao Wang and Xuehai Zhou)
S MIST: Efficient Mixed-Precision Preconditioning Through Iterative Sparse-Triangular Solver Design (Haoyuan Zhang, Yidong Chen, Wenpeng Ma, Wu Yuan, Jian Zhang and Zhonghua Lu)
S Deep Recommender Models Inference: Automatic Asymmetric Data Flow Optimization (Giuseppe Ruggeri, Renzo Andri, Daniele Jahier Pagliari and Lukas Cavigelli)
S MOTPE/D: Hardware and Algorithm Co-design for Reconfigurable Neuromorphic Processor (Yuan Li, Xun Xiao, Ren-Zhi Chen, Zhijie Yang, Jingyue Zhao, Zhenhua Zhu, Huadong Dai, Yuhua Tang, Weixia Xu, Li Luo and Lei Wang)
WEDNESDAY
9:00-10:00 Keynote 3: Rebuilding AI: Hardware and Systems Approach for Next Generation AI and AGI (Eren Kurshan, Princeton University)
10:00-11:05 Session 9A: EDA for Quantum Session 9B: Caches
11:05-11:30 Coffee break
11:30-12:45 Session 10A: HW Architectures for Learning Session 10B: Accelerators
12:45-14:15 Lunch break
14:15-15:20 Session 11A: Energy-aware EDA Tutorial 3: Evolutionary Design Methods in Electronic Design Automation
15:20-16:05 Session 12A: Computing Systems for Hyperdimensional Computing
16:05-16:30 Closing remarks
WEDNESDAY - SESSIONS DETAILS
EDA3 Session 9A: EDA for Quantum
R Mera: Memory Reduction and Acceleration for Quantum Circuit Simulation via Redundancy Exploration (Yuhong Song, Edwin Hsing-Mean Sha, Longshan Xu, Qingfeng Zhuge and Zili Shao)
R A Joint Optimization of Buffer and Splitter Insertion for Phase-Skipping Adiabatic Quantum-Flux-Parametron Circuits (Robert S Aviles and Peter A Beerel)
R A Quantum Method to Match Vector Boolean Functions Using Simon's Solver (Marco Venere, Alessandro Barenghi and Gerardo Pelosi)
R MOSQ: Accelerating Classical Simulation of UCCSD Ansatz Circuits using Merged Operation (Seungwoo Choi, Enhyeok Jang, Youngmin Kim and Won Woo Ro)
HW3 Session 9B: Caches
R AceMiner: Accelerating Graph Pattern Matching using PIM with Optimized Cache System (Liang Yan, Xiaoyang Lu, Xiaoming Chen, Sheng Xu, Xingqi Zou, Yinhe Han and Xian-He Sun)
R Hardware Cache Locking for All Memory Updates (Ashkan Asgharzadeh, Eduardo José Gómez-Hernández, Juan M. Cebrian, Stefanos Kaxiras and Alberto Ros)
R CacheTrimmer: Adaptive Cache File Trimming for Optimized Performance and Lifetime on Mobile Devices (Yi Zhang, Yunpeng Song, Wentong Li, Yiyang Huang, Dingcui Yu, Mengyang Ma and Liang Shi)
R CCacheSim: A Circuit-Architecture Cross-Level Simulation Framework for SRAM-Based In-Cache Computing System Evaluation (Baiqing Zhong, Mingyu Wang, Yicong Zhang, Xiaojie Li and Zhiyi Yu)
HW5 Session 10A: HW Architectures for Learning
R VEGA: Implementing a Versatile and Efficient Deep Learning Processor with Graph-Based ALU (Wenqiang Wang, Yuzhou Chen, Guanting Huo, Guanghui He and Ningyi Xu)
R FloatMax: An Efficient Accelerator for Transformer-based Models exploiting Tensor-wise Adaptive Floating-Point Quantization (Seo-Ho Chung, Kwangrae Kim, Soo-Min Rho, Chan-Hoon Kim and Ki-Seok Chung)
R EN-T: Optimizing Tensor Computing Engines Performance via Encoder-Based Methodology (Qizhe Wu, Yuchen Gui, Zhichen Zeng, Xiaotian Wang, Huawen Liang and Xi Jin)
S SLIDE-x-ML: System-Level Infrastructure for Dataset E-xtraction and Machine Learning Framework for High-Level Synthesis Estimations (Vittoriano Muttillo, Vincenzo Stoico, Marco Santic, Giacomo Valente, Luigi Pomante and Daniele Frigioni)
S Dystar-GNN: A Dynamic and Sparsity-Oriented Accelerator for Enhanced Graph Neural Network Execution (Jiaqi Yang, Hao Zheng and Ahmed Louri)
S Early: An Importance-aware Early Firing and Exit for SNN Acceleration (Xuan Zhang, Zhuoran Song, Peng Zhou, Xing Li, Xueyuan Liu, Xiaolong Lin, Zhezhi He, Li Jiang, Naifeng Jing and Xiaoyao Liang)
CS3 Session 10B: Accelerators
R Vision Transformer Inference on a CNN Accelerator (Changjae Yi, Hyunsu Moh and Soonhoi Ha)
R WOLT: Transparent Deployment of ML Workloads on Lightweight Many-Accelerator Architectures (Kuan-Lin Chiu, Guy Eichler, Chuan-Tung Lin, Giuseppe Di Guglielmo and Luca Carloni)
R AirGun: Adaptive Granularity Quantization for Accelerating Large Language Models (Sungbin Kim, Hyunwuk Lee, Sungwoo Kim, Cheolhwan Kim and Won Woo Ro)
R TileMap: Mapping Multi-Head Attention on Spatial Accelerators with Tile-based Analysis (Fuyu Wang and Minghua Shen)
S ISVDA: An In Storage Processing Accelerator for Visual Data Analysis (Zhenhua Zhao, Zhaoyan Shen and Xiaojun Cai)
EDA1 Session 11A: Energy-aware EDA
R Simultaneous Conjugate Gradient and iAFF-UNet for Accurate IR Drop Calculation (He Liu, Yipei Xu, Simin Tao, Zhipeng Huang, Biwei Xie, Xingquan Li and Wei Gao)
R Global and Local Attention-based Inception U-Net for Static IR Drop Prediction (Yilu Chen, Zhijie Cai, Min Wei, Zhifeng Lin and Jianli Chen)
S A Prototype-Based Framework to Design Scalable Heterogeneous SoCs with Fine-Grained DFS (Gabriele Montanaro, Andrea Galimberti and Davide Zoni)
S A Methodology for Fast and Efficient ML-Based Power Modeling (Caaliph Andriamisaina, Kods Trabelsi and Pierre-Guillaume Le Guay)
T3 Tutorial 3: Evolutionary Design Methods in Electronic Design Automation
Lukas Sekanina
CS5 Session 12A: Computing Systems for Hyperdimensional Computing
R Multi-Model Inference Composition of Hyperdimensional Computing Ensembles (Flavio Ponzina, Rishikanth Chandrasekaran, Vivian Wang, Seiji Minowada, Siddharth Sharma and Tajana Rosing)
R Integrating Branching and Pruning for Efficient Hyperdimensional Computing (Jing Liu, Zhiqian Guan, Di Liu, Shengfa Miao and Fei Dai)
R Efficient Forward-Only Training for Brain-Inspired Hyperdimensional Computing (Hyunsei Lee, Jiseung Kim, Seohyun Kim, Hyukjun Kwon, Mohsen Imani, Ilhong Suh and Yeseong Kim)